E-bikes have revolutionized how Californians commute. Growth in electric bike sales has been steady from 2017 to 2022. In fact, the Department of Energy reported that in 2022, there were 1.1 million e-bikes sold in the United States. But, California’s new e-bike laws for 2025 are reshaping the rules of the road. Are you prepared? With the passage of Senate Bill 1271, California is implementing significant changes to electric bicycle regulations, focusing on safety, classification clarity, and proper usage. Whether you’re a daily commuter, weekend warrior, or considering your first e-bike purchase, understanding these new laws is crucial for both compliance and safety.
What Is an E-Bike?

Under California law, an electric bicycle is defined as a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals and an electric motor that doesn’t exceed 750 watts of power. This simple definition belies the complexity of e-bike classifications and regulations that help ensure safety and proper use.
The Three Classes of E-Bikes
California categorizes electric bikes into three distinct classes:

Class 1 (Low-Speed Pedal-Assisted)
- Pedal-assist only
- Motor assistance up to 20 mph
- Motor cannot exclusively propel the bike (except in walk mode)
- New: Motor cannot provide assistance above 20 mph

Class 2 (Low-Speed Throttle-Assisted)
- Can use throttle exclusively
- Maximum speed of 20 mph
- Remains largely unchanged under new laws

Class 3 (Speed Pedal-Assisted)
- Pedal-assist only
- Motor assistance up to 28 mph
- Must have speedometer
- Motor cannot exclusively propel the bike (except in walk mode)
E-Bike Laws Before 2025
Prior to the 2025 changes, California’s e-bike laws were relatively permissive regarding motor operation. Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes could potentially be modified to operate without pedaling, and there was less clarity about speed limitations and motor capabilities. This flexibility, while convenient for riders, led to concerns about safety and the distinction between e-bikes and other motorized vehicles.
The pre-2025 regulations focused primarily on where different classes could operate:
- Class 1 and 2: Allowed on all bike paths
- Class 3: Restricted from some paths, required helmet use
- All classes: Treated largely as traditional bicycles for road use
California’s 2025 Electric Bike Law Changes

Senate Bill 1271 introduces several significant changes to California’s e-bike regulations:
New Throttle Restrictions
- Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes must be pedal-assist only
- Exception: Walk mode allowed up to 3.7 mph
- Motors cannot exclusively propel these bikes except in walk mode
- Class 2 bikes retain throttle capability
Speed and Power Limitations
- Explicit prohibition of modifications exceeding 750 watts
- Clear speed assistance caps:
- Class 1: Cannot assist above 20 mph
- Class 3: Cannot assist above 28 mph
Safety Standards and Certification
Starting January 1, 2026:
- All e-bike batteries must be tested by accredited laboratories
- Manufacturers must display certification labels
- Charging systems must be certified for specific bike models
- Documentation of compliance must be available upon request
Prohibited Modifications
The law explicitly prohibits:
- Modifications enabling speeds above 20 mph on motor power alone
- Modifications exceeding 750 watts of power
- Removal of operable pedals
Why These Changes?
The new regulations address several key concerns:
Safety First
The restrictions on motor-only operation help ensure that e-bikes remain fundamentally human-powered vehicles with electric assistance, rather than fully motorized transportation. This distinction is crucial for safety, as it helps maintain lower speeds in bike lanes and paths.
Clear Classifications
By explicitly defining motor capabilities and restrictions, the law creates clearer distinctions between e-bikes and other motorized vehicles like mopeds or motorcycles. This clarity helps law enforcement, retailers, and riders understand what constitutes a legal e-bike.
Battery Safety
The new certification requirements address growing concerns about battery fires and electrical safety, ensuring that all e-bikes meet rigorous safety standards.
What the New Laws Mean for Electric Bike Riders

Immediate Impacts
- Class 1 and 3 riders must use pedal-assist
- Walk mode limited to 3.7 mph
- No modifications allowing motor-only operation
Future Considerations (2026 and Beyond)
- Only certified batteries and charging systems allowed
- Rental operations must comply with safety standards
- Documentation requirements for manufacturers and retailers
Local E-bike Ordinances by County
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles follows California’s e-bike laws along with any additional local ordinances. For the most up-to-date regulations, check the local government website. Below is a selection of city ordinances in Los Angeles County:
Santa Cruz County
Orange County
Marin County
Marin County and its municipalities are granted the authority under Assembly Bill 1778 (AB-1778) to ban individuals younger than 16 from riding Class 2 e-bikes and to mandate helmet use for all riders, irrespective of age.
San Diego County
Assembly Bill 2234 (AB-2234) grants San Diego County and its cities the authority to ban individuals under 12 from riding Class 1 or Class 2 e-bikes. These pilot programs will remain active until January 1, 2029.
FAQs About E-Bikes in California
Q: Are e-bikes considered motor vehicles in California?
A: No, e-bikes meeting the defined criteria are classified as bicycles and don’t require registration or licensing.
Q: Can I still use my throttle after 2025?
A: Yes, but only on Class 2 e-bikes. Class 1 and 3 e-bikes must be pedal-assist only.
Q: What happens to existing e-bikes that don’t meet the new requirements?
A: While the law doesn’t explicitly address grandfathering, any modifications to existing bikes must comply with new standards.
Q: Is walk mode still allowed?
A: Yes, Class 1 and 3 e-bikes can have walk mode up to 3.7 mph.
Embracing the Future of E-Bike Safety in California
California’s new e-bike laws represent a significant step toward safer, more regulated electric bicycle use. While some riders may need to adjust their habits, particularly those used to throttle-only operation on Class 1 and 3 bikes, the changes ultimately create clearer standards that benefit all road users. Understanding and complying with these regulations is essential for continued enjoyment of e-bike transportation.
Stay informed about these changes and ensure your e-bike meets the new requirements. For specific questions about e-bike regulations or compliance, consult with local authorities or legal experts specializing in transportation law. Together, we can create a safer, more sustainable future for e-bike transportation in California.
Injured in an E-Bike Accident? Consult With Our California E-Bike Accident Lawyers

While California’s new e-bike laws for 2025 enhance safety for everyone, accidents can still happen. If you’re involved in an accident with a negligent driver while riding your electric bike, get help from an experienced personal injury lawyer. Legal representation can help secure fair compensation. At El Dabe Ritter Trial Lawyers, our team has years of experience representing seriously injured victims of electric bicycle accidents. We stay current with California’s evolving transportation laws, which enables us to defend our clients’ interests more aggressively. For a confidential consultation about your e-bike rider accident, call us at 213-985-1120 or send us a message via chat.
Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. Regulations may change, and readers should consult official sources or legal professionals for the most current information.